Welcome to Borobudur, one of the sacred buildings of Buddhism as a World Cultural Heritage site. The splendor and beauty of Borobudur has its own historical value for Indonesian people. The Indonesian government has designated Chandi Borobudur as a major tourist attraction, and also a priority tourist destination for domestic and foreign visitors.
Chandi Borobudur attracts extraordinary enthusiasm to visit and explore several narrative sources in thematic tours, with the aim of getting to know more closely the history, architecture and fine arts of this building.
A friendly tour guide, Pamong Carita will accompany you on this interesting opportunity, providing narratives and explanations as a form of appreciation for the study and participation in maintaining, protecting and preserving ancestral cultural heritage. As a form of appreciation for study and participation in maintaining, protecting and preserving ancestral cultural heritage.
Relif of law cause and effect
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| Relif of law cause and effect Borobudur wall and balustrade carvings. These reliefs are very beautiful, in fact they are considered the most elegant and graceful in the world of Buddhist art. One of the beautiful carvings is the Karmawibhangga reliefs on the walls of the Hidden Foot of Borobudur. Source: Guidance Technique Chandi Borobudur arisguide. arisguide's photo. |
Chandi Borobudur is Buddhist sacred building, its temple among Indonesian monuments derives not only from the exceptional architecture, but also from the striking abundance of elaborately carved bas-reliefs which cover the facades of the walls and the balustrades - a total surface of 2500 square metres.
The reliefs can be divided into two types: narrative and decorative. The 1460 narrative panels are arranged in eleven rows that go all around the monument for a total length of over 3000 m. The 1212 decorative panels, although arranged in rows, are treated as individual reliefs. The first series of 160 narrative panels are on the hidden foot and consequently not visible. Fortunately, a complete set of photographs was made not long after they were rediscovered, and they can be identified as depicting the operation of the law of karma according to the text.
The other ten series of narrative rupadhatu on the walls and the balustrades of the four galleries. The first gallery is flanked by four series; the remaining three successively mounting galleries have only two series each.
The wall of the first gallery, over 3.5 m high, has two superimposed series of reliefs, each consisting of 120 panels. The upper row relates the biography of the Buddha according to the text. The lower row depicts his former lives, as told in the jatakas and avadanas; these earlier incarnations before being born to become the historical Buddha are also narrated in the two superimposed rows of reliefs on the balustrade. The balustrade of the second gallery has another and avadanas series, but the wall panels take a new theme. As there is only one row of them on the almost 3 m high wall, they are considerably larger than those on the wall of the first gallery.
The 128 panel series deals with the tireless wanderings of Sudhana in search of the Ultimate Truth, as told in the series of the Gandavyuha text. The walls and the balustrades of the third and fourth galleries are devoted to the further wanderings of Sudhana, terminating with his attainment of the Highest Wisdom. There are in all 1460 panels.
The following summary shows how the various series of reliefs are arranged.
Wall of hidden foot
Karmavibhangga - 160 panels
First gallery
main wall : a) Lalitavistara - 120 panels
b) Jataka/Avadana - 120 panels
balustrade: a) Jataka/Avadana - 372 panels
b) Jataka/Avadana - 128 panels
Second gallery
main wall : Gandavyuha - 128 panels
balustrade: Jataka/Avadana - 100 panels
Third gallery
main wall : Gandavyuha - 88 panels
balustrade : Gandavyuha - 88 panels
Fourth gallery
main wall : Gandavyuha - 84 panels
balustrade : Gandavyuha - 72 panels
Total : 1460 panels
The narrative reliefs on the walls read from the right to the left, those on the balustrades from the left to the right. This was done for the purposes of the procession and the ritual circumambulation which the pilgrim makes, moving in a clock wise direction and keeping the sanctuary to his right. The narrative starts at the left and ends at the right of the eastern stairway, confirming that this stairway is the real entrance to the monument.
Wall of hidden foot
Karmavibhangga - 160 panels
Karmavibhangga
The reliefs on the 'hidden foot' are devoted to the inevitable law of karma. The 160 panels do not relate a continous story, but each provides one complete illustration of cause and effect. The first 117 panels show various actions producing one and the same result, while the remaining 43 demonstrate the many results that can follow from one kind of act.
Blame worthy activities, from gossip to murder, with their corresponding purgatorial punishments, and praise worthy activities, like charity and pilgrimages to sanctuaries, and their subsequent rewards, are both shown. The pains of hell and the pleasures of heaven, and scenes of daily life are represented in a full panorama of samsara, the endless cycle of birth and death, the chain of all those forms of delusional existence from which Buddhism brings release.
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Source: Chandi Borobudur Guidance Techniques arisguide.
Get more narration and materials about Chandi Borobudur in Barabudur atau Borobudur, Candi Buddha Pusaka Budaya Indonesia.
Reading is more fun exploring the thematic narratives in more detail in Selamat Datang di Kebudayaan Borobudur.
Reading in English is fun and also seems so interesting to translate into language that is easy and flexible, get readings in detail in Welcome to Borobudur Temple, the fabric of life in the Buddhist culture.
Explore, admire the beauty of art in pictures and photos by typing the detailed link in PHOTO IMAGE BOROBUDUR.
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Borobudur Temple is a Mahayana Buddhist temple, built in the 9th century during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty, this temple was designed in the form of Javanese Buddhist architecture, which combines native Indonesian culture, namely ancestor worship and the Buddhist concept of achieving Nirvana. Source: Guidance Technique Chandi Borobudur arisguide. photo arisguide. |
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| Borobudur Borobudur is a Mahayana Buddhist temple, built in the 9th century during the reign of the Sailendra Dynasty, this temple was designed in the form of Javanese Buddhist architecture, which combines native Indonesian culture, namely ancestor worship and the Buddhist concept of achieving Nirvana. Source: Chandi Borobudur Scouting Techniques arisguide. arisguide's photo. |
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| Panel relief Borobudur The following summary shows how the various series of reliefs are arranged. |
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| The largest main stupa is located in the center and crowns this building, surrounded by three circular rows of 72 perforated stupas in which there is a statue of Buddha sitting cross-legged in a perfect lotus position with the Dharmachakra mudra (turning the wheel of dharma). Source: Scouting Techniques Chandi Borobudur arisguide. arisguide's photo. |
Source: Guidance Technique Chandi Borobudur arisguide. |
In the historical narrative of Borobudur, the relief panels carved on the walls at the foot of the temple are mentioned in the Karmawibhangga text, regarding the offering of footwear called 'Upanat' to the Brahmins.
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Upanat Borobudur |
Giving footwear with the name 'Upanat', footwear offered to Brahmins, in order to obtain rewards and prosperity in life. Source: Guidance Technique Chandi Borobudur arisguide. photo at arisguide.
Explaining 'Upanat' is the footwear used to visit Borobudur Temple. This visit aims to get to know Borobudur better, learn about its history, take a thematic tour and admire the splendor and fine art of this monument. This is a form of appreciation and getting to know Borobudur, as well as playing a role in maintaining and protecting the world cultural heritage site in Borobudur, Indonesia.
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View of Borobudur from Dagi hill The beauty of Borobudur view from Dagi Hill. Borobudur is a Buddhist temple built on a hill during the reign of Samaratungga around 824 AD. Chandi Borobudur or Barabudur is a Mahayana Buddhist temple built in the 9th century, consisting of nine terraced terraces, six square terraces and three circular terraces, topped by a central dome, surrounded by 72 stupas and decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. Chandi Borobudur or Barabudur is a 9th–century Mahayana Buddhist temple, which consists of nine stacked platforms, six square and three circular, topped by a central dome, surrounded by 72 stupas and decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. Source: Guidance Technique Chandi Borobudur arisguide. Foto arisguide. |
Read the complete narrative and material about Chandi Borobudur by visiting and make your tour even more enjoyable, explore in more detail the thematic narrative of Borobudur culture with Pamong Carita. Reading becomes more fun, digging into the narrative in more detail and reading in English is indeed fun and also seems very interesting to translate into easy and flexible language, get detailed reading at Welcome to Borobudur Temple, the fabric of life in the Buddhist culture. Explore, admire the beauty of fine art in images and photos at PHOTO IMAGE BOROBUDUR.
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Chandi Borobudur World Cultural Heritage Site since 1991, one of the views of Borobudur from the northwest. Source: Guidance Technique Chandi Borobudur arisguide. photo arisguide. |
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Welcome to Borobudur Temple Chandi Borobudur or Barabudur is a Mahayana Buddhist temple built in the 9th century, consisting of six square terraces and three circular terraces, topped by a central dome, surrounded by 72 stupas and decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. Chandi Borobudur or Barabudur is a 9th–century Mahayana Buddhist temple, which consists of nine stacked platforms, six square and three circular, topped by a central dome, surrounded by 72 stupas and decorated with 2,672 relief panels and 504 Buddha statues. Source: Guidance Technique Chandi Borobudur arisguide. Foto arisguide. |
Foot of the temple ----- Karmawibhangga
One of the Karmawibhangga carvings on the southeast corner wall corresponds to the symbolic meaning at the foot of the temple. The reliefs that decorate the hidden Batur wall depict the law of karma.
Karmawibhangga is a text that describes the teachings about karma, namely the cause and effect of good and evil actions. The row of reliefs is not a series of stories, but each frame depicts a story that has a cause and effect relationship. This relief not only provides an illustration of human despicable actions accompanied by the punishment they will receive, but also human good deeds and rewards.
The foot of the hidden temple is a row of reliefs written in the Karmawibhangga text, which explains the teachings of karma. Overall, it is a depiction of human life in the never-ending cycle of birth - life - death (samsara), and according to Buddhism, this chain will be ended on the way to perfection. Now only the southeastern part is open and can be seen by visitors.
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